牙鲆淋巴囊肿病的病理和病原分离

应用常规显微和亚显微技术观察和分析患淋巴囊肿病养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olioaceus)的病理学变化，利用差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心技术分离其病原——淋巴囊肿病毒，并利用牙鲆细组织细胞系FG—9307为感染基质，观察淋巴囊肿病毒引起的细胞病理变化。结果表明，患病牙鲆的囊肿组织是一些淋巴囊肿细胞的集合体，这些囊肿细胞排列紧密，直径为10—100μm，细胞近圆形，细胞质内散布有大量的嗜碱性包涵体，且多数集中在细胞的边缘部分；囊肿细胞内含有大量病毒粒子，其衣壳外形呈六角或五角形，直径为150—230nm，大多数病毒粒子中央有一致密的核，核外周包围着一双层核衣壳，核衣壳的表面可见一圈把手样亚单位。以患病牙鲆囊肿物制备的上清液接种细胞，7d内未见细胞异常，经盲传2—3代后，细胞出现较明显的细胞病变效应。     

Optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) fed a white fish meal and casein‐based diets for 8 weeks. Olive flounder with an initial body weight of 4.1 ± 0.02 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six isocaloric diets containing 35%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 65% crude protein (CP) at a feeding rate of 4–5% of wet body weight on a dry‐matter basis to triplicate groups of 20 fish per aquarium. After 8 weeks of feeding, per cent weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratios of fish fed the 55% CP diet were not significantly higher than those from fish fed the 50% and 65% CP diets, but significantly higher than those from fish fed the 35% and 45% CP diets. Fish fed the 50%, 55% and 65% CP diets had significant higher specific growth rates than did fish fed the 35% and 45% CP diets; however, there was no significant difference among fish fed the 50%, 55% and 65% CP diets. The protein efficiency ratio was inversely related to the dietary protein level; that is, maximum efficiency occurred at the lowest dietary protein level. Broken‐line model analysis indicated that the optimum dietary protein level was 51.2 ± 1.8% for maximum weight gain in juvenile olive flounder. The second‐order polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum WG occurred at 57.7% and it revealed that the minimum range of protein requirement was between 44.2% and 46.4%. These findings suggest that the optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth could be greater than 46.4%, but less than 51.2% CP in fish meal and casein‐based diets containing 17.0 kJ g^?1 energy for juvenile olive flounder.     

容器颜色对漠斑牙鲆白化率和成活率的影响

本文就培养容器的颜色对漠斑牙鲆稚鱼的白化率和生长率的影响进行初步研究。结果表明:用深蓝色和黑色等深色容器培养的稚鱼白化率显著低于白色和黄色等浅色容器(p<0.05),黑色、深蓝色、黄色和白色4个组别(N=100)的白化率分别为20.8%、14.4%、57.6%和86.6%;白色最高为86.6%,深蓝色最低为14.4%;而用不同颜色的容器培养漠斑牙鲆的稚幼鱼,对其成活率影响不大(p>0.05),黑色、深蓝色、黄色和白色4个组别的成活率分别为96.0%、90.0%、82.5%、93.0%;白化稚幼鱼的生长发育并无异常。     

牙鲆腹水病病原研究

描述了牙鲆腹水病的症状,经对细菌的分离与鉴定表明所检病例均为迟钝爱德华氏菌的单独感染。用分离菌做对健康牙鲆的人工感染试验,表明了相应的原发病原学意义及较强的致病作用。药敏试验表明,对供试17种抗生素中的氨曲南等15种药物敏感,对四环素耐药,对磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶(复方新诺明)的耐药表现了株间差异。     

Onset and development of aggressive behavior in the early life stage of Japanese flounder

Onset and development, and diel rhythm of aggressive behavior were observed in the early life stages of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . The frequency of nip was counted as an index of aggressive behavior. No aggressive behavior was observed during the larval stage until day 39 after hatching (when fish were 13.2 mm in standard length (SL)) in the experimental tanks. The onset of aggressive behavior was observed on day 39, coinciding with completion of metamorphosis from the larval to the juvenile stage, and it developed until day 46. During the metamorphosing stage, typical shivering behavior (Ohm (Ω)-posture) was observed, and it showed a peak on day 19 (SL 7.6 mm) and decreased thereafter. Ω-Posture disappeared in the juvenile stage. Aggressive behavior and Ω-posture were only observed in the daytime. Settlement was first observed from day 19 in less than 30% of larvae and all individuals settled from day 39. As Ω-posture was observed regardless of the presence or absence of food and the peak of frequency in Ω-posture was observed in a specific stage of metamorphosis, this behavior is not related to feeding behavior, and it is possibly a precursor to aggressive behavior in this species.     

牙鲆胚后发育过程中Ⅰ型脱碘酶基因的原位表达谱

甲状腺激素T3在鱼类胚后发育与变态发育过程中发挥着重要作用,甲状腺激素T4通过Ⅰ型甲状腺氨酸脱碘酶(Dio1)生成T3,因此,调查Dio1基因在胚后发育包括变态发育过程中原位表达谱,有助于理解T3在胚后发育中的具体作用。利用RNA整体原位杂交技术,发现Dio1主要在牙鲆肠道、鳃、肝、肌肉、鳍、眼睛周围等器官和组织表达,鳃、肠道、奇鳍中的Dio1原位表达谱有一定的规律性,尤其在生骨肌细胞向鳍褶中迁移、臀鳍和背鳍(包括冠状幼鳍)的鳍条和支鳍骨的发生过程中,Dio1可能通过影响这些组织器官的T3水平而发挥重要作用。     

牙鲆早期发育和变态期间Pitx2基因的表达

Pitx2基因被认为是脊椎动物中调节内脏器官左右不对称的关键转录因子。为进一步探讨牙鲆变态期间的左右不对称是否也受Pitx2的左特异活性调节,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR),拟在变态的牙鲆的头部组织中克隆编码Pitx2基因的部分cDNA序列,并通过以18s rRNA为内标的半定量RT-PCR研究其在牙鲆早期发育和变态期间的表达情况。克隆和测序的结果表明Pitx2在牙鲆早期发育和变态期间也存在基因表达;而半定量的结果表明它的左特异性功能很可能在变态的早期阶段发挥作用。但是,牙鲆变态期间的右眼移动是否受Pitx2的左特异活性调控,以及变态期间的左右不对称和内脏器官的左右不对称是否拥有相同的分子机制,仍需进一步研究。     

Effects of soybean oligosaccharides on lipid metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck et Schlegel) fed animal or plant protein source-based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) on the levels of cholesterol in plasma and liver, and the fatty acid composition in muscle and liver of juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck et Schlegel). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric practical diets (crude protein 49%, gross energy 19 kJ/g) including only fish meal (FM) or soy protein isolate (SPI) as sole dietary protein source with (Diets FMO and SPIO) or without (Diets FM and SPI) supplemented SBOS (stachyose, 2.61%; raffinose, 0.61%) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 30 fish (initial body weight 1.93 ± 0.02 g) each. Fish were maintained in the flow-through aquaria at water temperature ranging from 22.0°C to 25.0°C and fed twice (08:00, 16:00) daily to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Dietary SBOS supplementation significantly increased the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in plasma of the fish fed FM-based diets (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed at the levels of plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P > 0.05). The levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in plasma of the fish fed SPI-based diets were not significantly influenced by the supplemented SBOS (P > 0.05). Supplementation of SBOS did not influence the hepatic TC, TG and lipid contents and lipid droplet accumulation in fish fed FM-based diets, but significantly decreased the hepatic TC, TG and lipid contents and lipid droplet accumulation in fish fed SPI-based diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, supplemented SBOS significantly increased fecal cholesterol extraction in the fish fed FM-based diets (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the fish fed SPI-based diets (P > 0.05). The fatty acid composition in muscle and liver was not significantly affected by supplemental SBOS regardless of dietary protein source (P > 0.05). These results indicate that dietary SBOS supplementation (stachyose, 2.61%; raffinose, 0.61%) does not negatively affect the lipid metabolism of the fish fed FM-based diets, but decrease the incidences of fatty liver of the fish fed SPI-based diets.     

不同养殖模式下水质及牙鲆生长状况分析

对牙鲆在模式一(流水养殖,每天换完水后一直流水)、模式二(半流水养殖,每天换完水后停水,投饵后流水)和模式三(换水养殖,每天换完水后不流水)3种模式下进行养殖试验,分析比较不同模式下水质因子的变化和牙鲆50~150日龄的生长状况.结果表明:模式一换水后到下次换水前,pH、氨氮、溶解氧分别稳定在7.70、0.13mg/L、7.95mg/L左右,没有显著变化.模式二和模式三换水后到投饵前,pH和溶解氧缓慢降低到稳定值,氨氮不断增加.投饵后到下次换水前,模式二pH提升1.0%、氨氮降低83.1%、溶解氧增加35.8%;模式三pH下降0.2%,氨氮增加60.8%,溶解氧降低1.0%.对3种养殖模式下牙鲆生长状况进行比较,模式一、模式二和模式三牙鲆死亡率分别为19.6%、20.2%和40.6%,模式一和模式二全长和体质量差异不显著(P0.05),两者与模式三相比,全长在150日龄差异显著(P0.05);体质量在90~150日龄差异显著(P0.05).综合分析模式二是最优养殖模式,一方面节约海水资源,减少成本;另一方面给鱼类摄食和生长提供一个相对舒适、安全的养殖环境.     

促卵泡激素对牙鲆尾部神经分泌系统活动的影响

为探究促卵泡激素(FSH)是否参与调控鱼类特有的尾部神经分泌系统(CNSS)活动,实验利用电生理技术检测FSH是否影响dahlgren细胞放电活动.此外,利用PCR技术检测离体的CNSS在FSH急性灌流后和繁殖季节CNSS主要的相关基因的表达.结果 显示,FSH促进dahlgren细胞放电频率和诱导部分细胞静止型放电转...